J. Biosci. Agric. Res. | Volume 34, Issue 01, 2730*2734 | https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.340125.327
Article type: Research article | Received: 21.11.2024; Revised: 16.03.2025; First published online: 25 April, 2025.
Article type: Research article | Received: 21.11.2024; Revised: 16.03.2025; First published online: 25 April, 2025.
Analysis of amino acid and clybio treatments on growth performance and yield of yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis)
A.F.M. Jamal Uddin, Tanvir Kabir, Tamima Dastagir, Sushoma Showkat Shanta and Fatema TuzJuhora Chaitee
Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University; Bangladesh
✉ Corresponding author: [email protected] (Uddin, AFMJ)
Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University; Bangladesh
✉ Corresponding author: [email protected] (Uddin, AFMJ)
Abstract
An experiment was accomplished in the Horticulture Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from April to July 2022 to study the effect of amino acid and clybio application on growth and yield of yard long bean. The experiment was designed as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments of amino acid and clybio application were as follows: T0: Control; T1: Amino acid (0.5 mg/L); T2: Clybio (4 ml/L); T3: T1+T2 (Amino acid 0.5mg/L + Clybio 4ml/L). Data on growth, physiology, yield and quality attributes parameters showed significant variations with treatments. The highest leaf area (58.4 cm2), number of leaflets per plant (103.7), pod width (7.4 cm), single pod weight (30.3 g) were found in T3. Given overall observations, application of amino acid and clybio at (Amino acid 0.5 mg/L+ Clybio 4 ml/L) concentrations can positively impact the growth and yield of ash gourd and would be the potential for increasing the yard long bean commercial production.
Key Words: Amino Acid, Clybio, Yard Long Bean,Growth Performance and Yield
An experiment was accomplished in the Horticulture Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from April to July 2022 to study the effect of amino acid and clybio application on growth and yield of yard long bean. The experiment was designed as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Treatments of amino acid and clybio application were as follows: T0: Control; T1: Amino acid (0.5 mg/L); T2: Clybio (4 ml/L); T3: T1+T2 (Amino acid 0.5mg/L + Clybio 4ml/L). Data on growth, physiology, yield and quality attributes parameters showed significant variations with treatments. The highest leaf area (58.4 cm2), number of leaflets per plant (103.7), pod width (7.4 cm), single pod weight (30.3 g) were found in T3. Given overall observations, application of amino acid and clybio at (Amino acid 0.5 mg/L+ Clybio 4 ml/L) concentrations can positively impact the growth and yield of ash gourd and would be the potential for increasing the yard long bean commercial production.
Key Words: Amino Acid, Clybio, Yard Long Bean,Growth Performance and Yield
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I. Introduction
Yard long bean, scientifically classified as Vigna unguiculata, represents a crucial vegetable crop in the agricultural landscapes of Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Sri Lanka (Ullah et al., 2011). Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), commonly grown in tropical and subtropical regions, is known for its nutritional and economic value, primarily due to its long edible pods. Additionally, this leguminous crop plays a significant role as a high-quality livestock feed and as a nitrogen-enriching agent in soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen (Leikam et al., 2007). Yard long bean is a warm-season crop, thriving optimally within a temperature range of 27-30°C. It exhibits superior heat and dry conditions tolerance compared to common bean or lima bean varieties (Rubatzly and Yamaguchi, 1997).
Amino acids are fundamental building blocks for proteins (Rai, 2002) and are vital in stimulating cell growth. Amino acids are critical in plant protein synthesis, nitrogen metabolism and crop development. Furthermore, amino acids are well-established biostimulants known to positively impact plant growth and yield while also effectively mitigating damage caused by abiotic stress factors (Kowalczyk and Zielony, 2008). Amino acids can directly or indirectly influence various physiological processes involved in plant growth and development.
Clybio compounds are believed to influence plant resilience, pod production, and adaptation to environmental stresses. Clybio, a combination of yeast fungi, Bacillus natto, and Lactobacillus, exhibits the potential to enhance both the yield and quality of vegetables while also mitigating various fungal diseases, thereby reducing the reliance on pesticides during the vegetable growing season (Akter et al., 2021). Furthermore, numerous studies on horticultural crops have demonstrated that beneficial microorganisms enhance vegetative growth and increase crop yields (Uddin et al., 2020; Rakibuzzaman et al., 2021). Understanding these biochemical interactions can provide a pathway for optimizing both growth and yield in yard long bean germplasm. Consequently, the present study aims to analyze the effects of amino acids and Clybio compounds on the growth and yield performance of diverse yard long bean germplasm, with the goal of identifying key traits for improving both crop growth and yield.
II. Materials and Methods
The experiment was performed at Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period of April to July 2022. Single factorial experiment was conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In this study, YLB 2403 was used as planting material and this Yard Long Bean Seeds were collected from A R Malik Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Foliar application of Amino acid and clybio (T0: Control T1: Amino Acid 0.5 mg/L, T2: Clybio 4 ml/L T3: Amino Acid 0.5 mg/L+ Clybio 4 ml/L) were taken as treatment in this study. The unit plot size was 6 m2 (3m × 2m). Amino acids and clybio were applied in soil and foliar applications were done on whole plants. First application was done 10 days after sowing and second application was done at 30 days after sowing. Interculture operations were done when it was necessary. Crop growth and yield related data were taken at different crop growth stages. Finally, the green pods yield of yard long bean per plot was converted to yield per hectare. The data recorded for different parameters were statistically analyzed using Statistix-10 computer package program to find out the significance of variation among the treatments and treatment means were compared by Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at 5% level of significance.
III. Results and Discussion
Vine length
Significant variations in vine length were found along the treatments. Highest vine length (107.8 cm) was found with Clybio 4 ml/l(T2) treatment, whereas lowest vine length (83.3 cm) was from control (T0) at 30 days after sowing (Figure. 1a). Clybio can improve root health by increasing the efficiency of nutrient uptake, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A well-nourished plant can focus more energy on vine growth, resulting in longer vines.
Leaves number
Significant variation of leaves number was found with different treatments at 30 days after sowing. Maximum number of leaves (20.0) was found with T3 (Amino Acid 0.5 mg/L + Clybio 4 ml/L) treatment which was statistically identical (19.5) with T2 treatment and minimum (14.0) from control (T0) (Figure. 1b). El-Zohiri and Asfour (2009) researched potatoes, finding that spraying amino acids led to a substantial enhancement in vegetative growth, as evidenced by increased plant height.
SPAD value
Significant variation was found in SPAD value with different treatments. Highest SPAD value (61.7) was observed from T3 treatment which was statistically identical to T2 (60.0); on the other hand minimum SPAD value (56.1) was found in control (T0). Interestingly, the T0 treatment is identical to the T1 treatment (Table 01). Clybio microorganisms may also indirectly increase chlorophyll content by promoting better root structure and nutrient uptake, improving photosynthetic efficiency and overall plant vigor.
Figure 01. Influence of Amino acid and Clybio treatments on a) vine length and b) leaves number at 30 DAS (T0: Control; T1: Amino Acid 0.5 mg/L; T2: Clybio 4 ml/L; T3: T1+T2)
Leaf area
Significant variation of leaf area was found in terms of amino acid and clybio treatments. Treatment T3 exhibited the highest leaf area (58.5 sq.cm), while T1 had the lowest (42.558 sq.cm) (Table 01). Clybio may increase the availability and uptake of essential nutrients, which are crucial for cell division and expansion and directly contribute to leaf development and enlargement. Furthermore, Amino acids are also precursors for essential enzymes and proteins, supporting metabolic activities that promote leaf area. This symbiotic relationship of Clybio can improve root health and nutrient uptake efficiency, especially when paired with foliar amino acids.
Days to 1st flowering
Significant variation of days to 1st flowering was found with different treatments. Early flowering (29.0 days) was found in T3 treatment, whereas delayed flowering (36.5 days) was from control (T0) (Table 01). The combination of clybio and amino acids may have a synergistic effect, where both enhance plant physiology in complementary ways, speeding up flowering by optimizing growth, nutrient uptake and stress tolerance. The foliar spray with Clybio and amino acids likely promotes early flowering by improving nutrient uptake, boosting stress tolerance, enhancing hormonal regulation, and accelerating plant growth. Moreover, foliar application of amino acids can act as signaling molecules that support flowering by regulating hormone levels such as auxin, gibberellins and cytokinins, which are key to reproductive growth.
Pod length
Significant variation was found in amino acid and clybio treatments. Treatment T2 exhibited the highest pod length (55.6 cm), while T0 had the lowest (46.4 cm) pod length (Table 01).
Pod width (cm)
Significant variation was found in amino acid and clybio treatments. Treatment T2 exhibited the highest average pod width at 7.1 cm, while T0 had the lowest at 6.4 cm. This suggests that treatment T2 promotes greater pod width than the others (Table 01). Similar results were obtained by Aldesuquy et al. (2012).
Single pod weight
Single pod weight per plant was significantly affected by Amino acid and clybio treatments. Single pod weight per plant showed significant difference among T0, T1, T2 and T3 treatments. Maximum single pod weight (31.0 g) was recorded in T2 and minimum (23.9 g) was recorded from T0 (Table 01).
Table 01. Amino acid and clybio treatments on growth and yield of yard long bean
Yield per plot
Yield per plot was significantly affected by the Amino acid and clybio treatments. Maximum yield per plot (837.86 g) was recorded in T3 and lowest (266.8 g) was recorded in T0 (Table 01).
Yield per hectare
Yield per hectare showed significant variation among T0, T1, T2 and T3. Maximum yield per hectare (14.0 t/ha) was recorded in T3 and lowest (4.4 t/ha) was recorded in T0 (Table 01). Yadav et al. (2020) conducted a study to investigate the impact of microbial inoculants on the yield of yard long beans. Their findings indicated that applying microbial inoculants had a noteworthy effect on determining the yard long bean yield. Similar results were obtained by El-Ghamry et al. (2009).
Plate 01. Amino acid and clybio influences growth and yield of yard long bean.
IV. Conclusion
Based on the above findings, the experimental results revealed that different levels of Amino acid and clybio significantly influenced yard long bean germplasm growth and yield. The application of Amino acid and clybio substantially impacted the growth and yield of yard long beans. Treatment T2, which included Clybio, resulted in taller plants, higher SPAD values, increased leaf number, and superior pod characteristics compared to the control (T0) and amino acid treatment (T1). Together, these applications can significantly enhance growth, fruit quality, and yield in ash gourd, leading to a healthier and more productive crop.
Yard long bean, scientifically classified as Vigna unguiculata, represents a crucial vegetable crop in the agricultural landscapes of Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, the Philippines and Sri Lanka (Ullah et al., 2011). Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), commonly grown in tropical and subtropical regions, is known for its nutritional and economic value, primarily due to its long edible pods. Additionally, this leguminous crop plays a significant role as a high-quality livestock feed and as a nitrogen-enriching agent in soil by fixing atmospheric nitrogen (Leikam et al., 2007). Yard long bean is a warm-season crop, thriving optimally within a temperature range of 27-30°C. It exhibits superior heat and dry conditions tolerance compared to common bean or lima bean varieties (Rubatzly and Yamaguchi, 1997).
Amino acids are fundamental building blocks for proteins (Rai, 2002) and are vital in stimulating cell growth. Amino acids are critical in plant protein synthesis, nitrogen metabolism and crop development. Furthermore, amino acids are well-established biostimulants known to positively impact plant growth and yield while also effectively mitigating damage caused by abiotic stress factors (Kowalczyk and Zielony, 2008). Amino acids can directly or indirectly influence various physiological processes involved in plant growth and development.
Clybio compounds are believed to influence plant resilience, pod production, and adaptation to environmental stresses. Clybio, a combination of yeast fungi, Bacillus natto, and Lactobacillus, exhibits the potential to enhance both the yield and quality of vegetables while also mitigating various fungal diseases, thereby reducing the reliance on pesticides during the vegetable growing season (Akter et al., 2021). Furthermore, numerous studies on horticultural crops have demonstrated that beneficial microorganisms enhance vegetative growth and increase crop yields (Uddin et al., 2020; Rakibuzzaman et al., 2021). Understanding these biochemical interactions can provide a pathway for optimizing both growth and yield in yard long bean germplasm. Consequently, the present study aims to analyze the effects of amino acids and Clybio compounds on the growth and yield performance of diverse yard long bean germplasm, with the goal of identifying key traits for improving both crop growth and yield.
II. Materials and Methods
The experiment was performed at Horticulture Farm, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the period of April to July 2022. Single factorial experiment was conducted in Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. In this study, YLB 2403 was used as planting material and this Yard Long Bean Seeds were collected from A R Malik Seeds Pvt. Ltd. Foliar application of Amino acid and clybio (T0: Control T1: Amino Acid 0.5 mg/L, T2: Clybio 4 ml/L T3: Amino Acid 0.5 mg/L+ Clybio 4 ml/L) were taken as treatment in this study. The unit plot size was 6 m2 (3m × 2m). Amino acids and clybio were applied in soil and foliar applications were done on whole plants. First application was done 10 days after sowing and second application was done at 30 days after sowing. Interculture operations were done when it was necessary. Crop growth and yield related data were taken at different crop growth stages. Finally, the green pods yield of yard long bean per plot was converted to yield per hectare. The data recorded for different parameters were statistically analyzed using Statistix-10 computer package program to find out the significance of variation among the treatments and treatment means were compared by Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at 5% level of significance.
III. Results and Discussion
Vine length
Significant variations in vine length were found along the treatments. Highest vine length (107.8 cm) was found with Clybio 4 ml/l(T2) treatment, whereas lowest vine length (83.3 cm) was from control (T0) at 30 days after sowing (Figure. 1a). Clybio can improve root health by increasing the efficiency of nutrient uptake, particularly nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. A well-nourished plant can focus more energy on vine growth, resulting in longer vines.
Leaves number
Significant variation of leaves number was found with different treatments at 30 days after sowing. Maximum number of leaves (20.0) was found with T3 (Amino Acid 0.5 mg/L + Clybio 4 ml/L) treatment which was statistically identical (19.5) with T2 treatment and minimum (14.0) from control (T0) (Figure. 1b). El-Zohiri and Asfour (2009) researched potatoes, finding that spraying amino acids led to a substantial enhancement in vegetative growth, as evidenced by increased plant height.
SPAD value
Significant variation was found in SPAD value with different treatments. Highest SPAD value (61.7) was observed from T3 treatment which was statistically identical to T2 (60.0); on the other hand minimum SPAD value (56.1) was found in control (T0). Interestingly, the T0 treatment is identical to the T1 treatment (Table 01). Clybio microorganisms may also indirectly increase chlorophyll content by promoting better root structure and nutrient uptake, improving photosynthetic efficiency and overall plant vigor.
Figure 01. Influence of Amino acid and Clybio treatments on a) vine length and b) leaves number at 30 DAS (T0: Control; T1: Amino Acid 0.5 mg/L; T2: Clybio 4 ml/L; T3: T1+T2)
Leaf area
Significant variation of leaf area was found in terms of amino acid and clybio treatments. Treatment T3 exhibited the highest leaf area (58.5 sq.cm), while T1 had the lowest (42.558 sq.cm) (Table 01). Clybio may increase the availability and uptake of essential nutrients, which are crucial for cell division and expansion and directly contribute to leaf development and enlargement. Furthermore, Amino acids are also precursors for essential enzymes and proteins, supporting metabolic activities that promote leaf area. This symbiotic relationship of Clybio can improve root health and nutrient uptake efficiency, especially when paired with foliar amino acids.
Days to 1st flowering
Significant variation of days to 1st flowering was found with different treatments. Early flowering (29.0 days) was found in T3 treatment, whereas delayed flowering (36.5 days) was from control (T0) (Table 01). The combination of clybio and amino acids may have a synergistic effect, where both enhance plant physiology in complementary ways, speeding up flowering by optimizing growth, nutrient uptake and stress tolerance. The foliar spray with Clybio and amino acids likely promotes early flowering by improving nutrient uptake, boosting stress tolerance, enhancing hormonal regulation, and accelerating plant growth. Moreover, foliar application of amino acids can act as signaling molecules that support flowering by regulating hormone levels such as auxin, gibberellins and cytokinins, which are key to reproductive growth.
Pod length
Significant variation was found in amino acid and clybio treatments. Treatment T2 exhibited the highest pod length (55.6 cm), while T0 had the lowest (46.4 cm) pod length (Table 01).
Pod width (cm)
Significant variation was found in amino acid and clybio treatments. Treatment T2 exhibited the highest average pod width at 7.1 cm, while T0 had the lowest at 6.4 cm. This suggests that treatment T2 promotes greater pod width than the others (Table 01). Similar results were obtained by Aldesuquy et al. (2012).
Single pod weight
Single pod weight per plant was significantly affected by Amino acid and clybio treatments. Single pod weight per plant showed significant difference among T0, T1, T2 and T3 treatments. Maximum single pod weight (31.0 g) was recorded in T2 and minimum (23.9 g) was recorded from T0 (Table 01).
Table 01. Amino acid and clybio treatments on growth and yield of yard long bean
Yield per plot
Yield per plot was significantly affected by the Amino acid and clybio treatments. Maximum yield per plot (837.86 g) was recorded in T3 and lowest (266.8 g) was recorded in T0 (Table 01).
Yield per hectare
Yield per hectare showed significant variation among T0, T1, T2 and T3. Maximum yield per hectare (14.0 t/ha) was recorded in T3 and lowest (4.4 t/ha) was recorded in T0 (Table 01). Yadav et al. (2020) conducted a study to investigate the impact of microbial inoculants on the yield of yard long beans. Their findings indicated that applying microbial inoculants had a noteworthy effect on determining the yard long bean yield. Similar results were obtained by El-Ghamry et al. (2009).
Plate 01. Amino acid and clybio influences growth and yield of yard long bean.
IV. Conclusion
Based on the above findings, the experimental results revealed that different levels of Amino acid and clybio significantly influenced yard long bean germplasm growth and yield. The application of Amino acid and clybio substantially impacted the growth and yield of yard long beans. Treatment T2, which included Clybio, resulted in taller plants, higher SPAD values, increased leaf number, and superior pod characteristics compared to the control (T0) and amino acid treatment (T1). Together, these applications can significantly enhance growth, fruit quality, and yield in ash gourd, leading to a healthier and more productive crop.
Article Citations:
MLA
Uddin, A. F. M. J. et al. “Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis)”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 34(01), (2024): 2730-2734.
APA
Uddin, A. F. M. J., Kabir, T., Dastagir, T., Shanta, S. S. and Chaitee, F. T. (2025). Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis). Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 34(01), 2730-2734.
Chicago
Uddin, A. F. M. J., Kabir, T., Dastagir, T., Shanta, S. S. and Chaitee, F. T. “Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis)”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 34(01), (2025): 2730-2734.
Harvard
Uddin, A. F. M. J., Kabir, T., Dastagir, T., Shanta, S. S. and Chaitee, F. T. 2025. Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis). Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 34(01), pp. 2730-2734.
Vancouver
Uddin, AFMJ, Kabir, T, Dastagir, T, Shanta, SS and Chaitee, FT. Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis). Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 2025 April, 34(01): 2730-2734.
Uddin, A. F. M. J. et al. “Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis)”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 34(01), (2024): 2730-2734.
APA
Uddin, A. F. M. J., Kabir, T., Dastagir, T., Shanta, S. S. and Chaitee, F. T. (2025). Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis). Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 34(01), 2730-2734.
Chicago
Uddin, A. F. M. J., Kabir, T., Dastagir, T., Shanta, S. S. and Chaitee, F. T. “Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis)”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 34(01), (2025): 2730-2734.
Harvard
Uddin, A. F. M. J., Kabir, T., Dastagir, T., Shanta, S. S. and Chaitee, F. T. 2025. Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis). Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 34(01), pp. 2730-2734.
Vancouver
Uddin, AFMJ, Kabir, T, Dastagir, T, Shanta, SS and Chaitee, FT. Analysis of Amino Acid and Clybio treatments on Growth performance and Yield of Yard Long Bean (Vigna unguiculata. sesquipedalis). Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 2025 April, 34(01): 2730-2734.
References:
[1]. Akter, S., Uddin, A. F. M., Hossain, I. and Islam, M. (2021). Influence of seed priming and clybio application on growth and yield of spinach. International Journal of Agriculture, Environment and Bioresearch, 6(3), 223-227. https://doi.org/10.35410/IJAEB.2021.5640
[2]. Aldesuquy, S. H., Abbas, M. A., Abo-Hamed, S. A., Elhakem, A. H. and Alsokari, S. S. (2012). Glycine betaine and salicylic acid induced modification in productivity of two different cultivars of wheat grown under water stress. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 8(2), 72-89.
[3]. El-Ghamry, A. M., Abd El-Hai, K. M. and Ghoneem, K. M. (2009). Amino and humic acids promote growth, yield and disease resistance of faba bean cultivated in clayey soil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 731-739.
[4]. El-Zohiri, S. S. M. and Asfour, Y. M. (2009). Effect of some organic compounds on growth and productivity of some potato cultivars. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor, 47(3), 403-415.
[5]. Kowalczyk, K. and Zielony, T. (2008). Effect of Amino plant and Asahi on yield and quality of lettuce grown on rockwool. Conf.of biostimulators in modern agriculture, Feb. 7-8, Warsaw, Poland.
[6]. Leikam, D., Whitney, D. A. and Hickma, J. S. (2007). Uses ligumes in crop rotations. SA: Markein. kansas State University press, P. 220.
[7]. Rai, V. K. (2002) Role of Amino Acids in Plant Responses to Stresses. Biologia Plantarum, 45, 481-487. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022308229759
[8]. Rakibuzzaman, M., Tusi, R. R., Maliha, M., Husna, A. and Uddin, A. F. M. J. (2021). Response of potato germplasm to Trichoderma viride as bio-stimulator. International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research, 9(2), 17-21.
[9]. Rubatzky, V. E. and Yamaguchi, M. (1997). World vegetables: principles, production and nutritive values. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall, pp. 360. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6015-9
[10]. Uddin, A. F. M. J, Sabrina, N., Husna, M. A., Imam, M. H. and Rakibuzzaman, M. (2020). Bio-efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum spore concentrations on tomato production. International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research, 8(3), 124-129.
[11]. Ullah, M. Z., Hassan, M. J., Rahman, A. H. M. A. and Saki, A. I. (2011). Genetic variability, character association and path analysis in Yard long bean, SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 9(2), 9-16.
[12]. Yadav, P. I., Manu, C. R., Sudha, B. and Saparia, S. (2020). Influence of Microbial Inoculants on Yield and Disease Incidence in Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata L.). Journal of Krishi Vigyan, 8(2), pp. 191-194. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2020.00039.2
[2]. Aldesuquy, S. H., Abbas, M. A., Abo-Hamed, S. A., Elhakem, A. H. and Alsokari, S. S. (2012). Glycine betaine and salicylic acid induced modification in productivity of two different cultivars of wheat grown under water stress. Journal of Stress Physiology & Biochemistry, 8(2), 72-89.
[3]. El-Ghamry, A. M., Abd El-Hai, K. M. and Ghoneem, K. M. (2009). Amino and humic acids promote growth, yield and disease resistance of faba bean cultivated in clayey soil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 3(2), 731-739.
[4]. El-Zohiri, S. S. M. and Asfour, Y. M. (2009). Effect of some organic compounds on growth and productivity of some potato cultivars. Annals of Agricultural Science, Moshtohor, 47(3), 403-415.
[5]. Kowalczyk, K. and Zielony, T. (2008). Effect of Amino plant and Asahi on yield and quality of lettuce grown on rockwool. Conf.of biostimulators in modern agriculture, Feb. 7-8, Warsaw, Poland.
[6]. Leikam, D., Whitney, D. A. and Hickma, J. S. (2007). Uses ligumes in crop rotations. SA: Markein. kansas State University press, P. 220.
[7]. Rai, V. K. (2002) Role of Amino Acids in Plant Responses to Stresses. Biologia Plantarum, 45, 481-487. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022308229759
[8]. Rakibuzzaman, M., Tusi, R. R., Maliha, M., Husna, A. and Uddin, A. F. M. J. (2021). Response of potato germplasm to Trichoderma viride as bio-stimulator. International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research, 9(2), 17-21.
[9]. Rubatzky, V. E. and Yamaguchi, M. (1997). World vegetables: principles, production and nutritive values. New York, NY: Chapman and Hall, pp. 360. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-6015-9
[10]. Uddin, A. F. M. J, Sabrina, N., Husna, M. A., Imam, M. H. and Rakibuzzaman, M. (2020). Bio-efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum spore concentrations on tomato production. International Journal of Business, Social and Scientific Research, 8(3), 124-129.
[11]. Ullah, M. Z., Hassan, M. J., Rahman, A. H. M. A. and Saki, A. I. (2011). Genetic variability, character association and path analysis in Yard long bean, SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 9(2), 9-16.
[12]. Yadav, P. I., Manu, C. R., Sudha, B. and Saparia, S. (2020). Influence of Microbial Inoculants on Yield and Disease Incidence in Yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata L.). Journal of Krishi Vigyan, 8(2), pp. 191-194. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-4433.2020.00039.2
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