Int. J. Fores. Env. | Volume 02, Issue 01, 69-78 | https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.020120.08
Article type: Research article | Received: 08.07.2020; Revised: 04.08.2020; Published online: 15 August 2020.
Article type: Research article | Received: 08.07.2020; Revised: 04.08.2020; Published online: 15 August 2020.
Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Kritika Singh and Manas Katiyar
SHUATS, College of forestry, Rewa Road Old Bridge, near Yamuna, Naini, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India.
✉ Corresponding author: [email protected] (Singh, K.).
SHUATS, College of forestry, Rewa Road Old Bridge, near Yamuna, Naini, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211007, India.
✉ Corresponding author: [email protected] (Singh, K.).
Abstract
Ecology of the rivers has become vulnerable after exploitation for years. The study includes measurements to monitor the relevant physio-chemical and biological indicators of pollution in the aquatic system chosen, assessment of the contaminated states of the system, and estimating the efficiency of the system to assimilate the existing pollution load. The results of the study on the physio-chemical parameters of water from ten different locations in two cities Prayagraj and Varanasi of the River Ganga are concluded as the Temperature, pH, EC, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Ca Hardness were observed under the permissible limit. Parameter such as DO, BOD, Mg Hardness is high and above the permissible limit at Prayagraj. Range of Total Dissolved Solids and Turbidity is beyond the allowed limits for both Cities. The outcomes of this learning on physio-chemical parameters of sediment from ten different spots at two places i.e. Prayagraj and Varanasi of the River Ganga are concluded as the Temperature, pH, EC, and Percentage Organic Carbon were under the fair category except for pH at Varanasi which shows slightly acidic nature and Organic Carbon at Varanasi also shows high range. The overall results of the parameters show that the aquatic system of river Ganges is polluted and continues further degrading at a higher rate at both the cities i.e. Prayagraj and Varanasi. A total of 49 species of microorganisms was identified during the study. In Prayagraj aquatic habitat Amphipod was recorded as a dominating group of microorganism’s communities over the others. Whereas in Varanasi, Rotifer and Ostrocoda were recorded as a dominating group of microorganism community over the others. In both the aquatic habitats Protozoa was recorded as the least dominating group of microorganism’s communities. The presence of few dominant species were i.e., Volvox, Branchionus & Colpoda along with significantly more BOD & percent Organic Carbon revels greater organic pollution at Varanasi. On the other hand, the dominant species at Prayagraj were, Daphnia, Amoeba, Copipoda & Hartmanella along with high turbidity, DO & Hardness.
Key Words: Prayagraj, Varanasi, Aquatic ecosystem, Pollution and Microrganism.
Ecology of the rivers has become vulnerable after exploitation for years. The study includes measurements to monitor the relevant physio-chemical and biological indicators of pollution in the aquatic system chosen, assessment of the contaminated states of the system, and estimating the efficiency of the system to assimilate the existing pollution load. The results of the study on the physio-chemical parameters of water from ten different locations in two cities Prayagraj and Varanasi of the River Ganga are concluded as the Temperature, pH, EC, Alkalinity, Total hardness, Ca Hardness were observed under the permissible limit. Parameter such as DO, BOD, Mg Hardness is high and above the permissible limit at Prayagraj. Range of Total Dissolved Solids and Turbidity is beyond the allowed limits for both Cities. The outcomes of this learning on physio-chemical parameters of sediment from ten different spots at two places i.e. Prayagraj and Varanasi of the River Ganga are concluded as the Temperature, pH, EC, and Percentage Organic Carbon were under the fair category except for pH at Varanasi which shows slightly acidic nature and Organic Carbon at Varanasi also shows high range. The overall results of the parameters show that the aquatic system of river Ganges is polluted and continues further degrading at a higher rate at both the cities i.e. Prayagraj and Varanasi. A total of 49 species of microorganisms was identified during the study. In Prayagraj aquatic habitat Amphipod was recorded as a dominating group of microorganism’s communities over the others. Whereas in Varanasi, Rotifer and Ostrocoda were recorded as a dominating group of microorganism community over the others. In both the aquatic habitats Protozoa was recorded as the least dominating group of microorganism’s communities. The presence of few dominant species were i.e., Volvox, Branchionus & Colpoda along with significantly more BOD & percent Organic Carbon revels greater organic pollution at Varanasi. On the other hand, the dominant species at Prayagraj were, Daphnia, Amoeba, Copipoda & Hartmanella along with high turbidity, DO & Hardness.
Key Words: Prayagraj, Varanasi, Aquatic ecosystem, Pollution and Microrganism.
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MLA
Singh, K. and Katiyar, M. “Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 02(01) (2020): 69-78.
APA
Singh, K. and Katiyar, M (2020). Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 02(01), 69-78.
Chicago
Singh, K. and Katiyar, M. “Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 02(01) (2020): 69-78.
Harvard
Singh, K. and Katiyar, M. 2020. Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 02(01) pp. 69-78.
Vancouver
Singh, K and Katiyar, M. Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 2020 August 02(01): 69-78.
Singh, K. and Katiyar, M. “Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 02(01) (2020): 69-78.
APA
Singh, K. and Katiyar, M (2020). Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 02(01), 69-78.
Chicago
Singh, K. and Katiyar, M. “Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 02(01) (2020): 69-78.
Harvard
Singh, K. and Katiyar, M. 2020. Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 02(01) pp. 69-78.
Vancouver
Singh, K and Katiyar, M. Microbial components and physio-chemical parameters of river Ganga, Prayagraj and Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 2020 August 02(01): 69-78.
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