International Journal of Forestry, Ecology & Environment
Volume 07 - Issue 01 | Year of Publication: 2023
Article Type: Research Article | No. 27, 2023 | Country: Tanzania | pp. 245-258 | Open Access
Title: Implementing institutional instruments for forest landscape protection in the Kilimanjaro world heritage site, Tanzania
Authors: Enoguanbhor, E. A., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.070123.27
Title: Implementing institutional instruments for forest landscape protection in the Kilimanjaro world heritage site, Tanzania
Authors: Enoguanbhor, E. A., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.070123.27
Implementing institutional instruments for forest landscape protection in the Kilimanjaro world heritage site, Tanzania
Abstract
Various institutional instruments, including World Heritage Convention (WHC) and other strategic policies, have been deployed to protect forest landscapes as natural heritage across the globe. Despite the implementation of these instruments to protect forest landscapes in World Heritage sites (WHS), the degradation problems persist, especially in the developing world, including Africa. Using the Kilimanjaro WHS in Tanzania as a case study, we investigated the state of implementing WHC and policies as strategic institutional instruments for forest landscape protection to support the sustainability of forests as a natural heritage. We collected empirical data using surveys of experts and integrated qualitative and quantitative (descriptive) analyses to investigate the implementation level of WHC and policies on forest protection, related the implementation level to primary forest degradation, and identified key challenges confronting the implementation. Key findings showed a low-level implementation of WHC and policies for forest protection. Also, our study showed that low-level implementation is associated with 19.83% of forest degradation from 1976 to 2020. Additionally, our study identified key challenges confronting all institutional instruments deployed for forest protection, including a lack of forest protection/conservation education in local communities, a low level of law enforcement on forest degradation, inadequate resources, wildfire, a lack of political will, political interference/interests, inadequate personnel, a lack of inter-departmental coordination, and conflicts with local communities. Our findings are of great importance for decision-makers to improve the implementation level of the WHC and policies as strategic institutional instruments and to improve the sustainability of forests as a natural heritage in Africa and other parts of the world.
Key Words: Institutional Instruments; Strategic Policies; Forest Protection; Forest Degradation; Forest Sustainability; Kilimanjaro and Africa
Abstract
Various institutional instruments, including World Heritage Convention (WHC) and other strategic policies, have been deployed to protect forest landscapes as natural heritage across the globe. Despite the implementation of these instruments to protect forest landscapes in World Heritage sites (WHS), the degradation problems persist, especially in the developing world, including Africa. Using the Kilimanjaro WHS in Tanzania as a case study, we investigated the state of implementing WHC and policies as strategic institutional instruments for forest landscape protection to support the sustainability of forests as a natural heritage. We collected empirical data using surveys of experts and integrated qualitative and quantitative (descriptive) analyses to investigate the implementation level of WHC and policies on forest protection, related the implementation level to primary forest degradation, and identified key challenges confronting the implementation. Key findings showed a low-level implementation of WHC and policies for forest protection. Also, our study showed that low-level implementation is associated with 19.83% of forest degradation from 1976 to 2020. Additionally, our study identified key challenges confronting all institutional instruments deployed for forest protection, including a lack of forest protection/conservation education in local communities, a low level of law enforcement on forest degradation, inadequate resources, wildfire, a lack of political will, political interference/interests, inadequate personnel, a lack of inter-departmental coordination, and conflicts with local communities. Our findings are of great importance for decision-makers to improve the implementation level of the WHC and policies as strategic institutional instruments and to improve the sustainability of forests as a natural heritage in Africa and other parts of the world.
Key Words: Institutional Instruments; Strategic Policies; Forest Protection; Forest Degradation; Forest Sustainability; Kilimanjaro and Africa
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE?
MLA
Enoguanbhor, E. A. et al. “Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 07(01) (2023): 245-258.
APA
Enoguanbhor, E. A., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. (2023). Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 07(01), 245-258.
Chicago
Enoguanbhor, E. A., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. “Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 07(01) (2023): 245-258.
Harvard
Enoguanbhor, E. A., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. 2023. Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 07(01), pp. 245-258.
Vancouver
Enoguanbhor, EA, Enoguanbhor, EC and Albrecht, E. Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2023 October, 07(01): 245-258.
MLA
Enoguanbhor, E. A. et al. “Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 07(01) (2023): 245-258.
APA
Enoguanbhor, E. A., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. (2023). Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 07(01), 245-258.
Chicago
Enoguanbhor, E. A., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. “Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 07(01) (2023): 245-258.
Harvard
Enoguanbhor, E. A., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. 2023. Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 07(01), pp. 245-258.
Vancouver
Enoguanbhor, EA, Enoguanbhor, EC and Albrecht, E. Implementing Institutional Instruments for Forest Landscape Protection in the Kilimanjaro World Heritage Site, Tanzania. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2023 October, 07(01): 245-258.
Article Type: Research Article | No. 28, 2023 | Country: Kenya | pp. 259-269 | Open Access
Title: Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya
Authors: Kinyili, B. M. and Ndunda, E.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.070123.28
Title: Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya
Authors: Kinyili, B. M. and Ndunda, E.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.070123.28
Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya
Abstract
The prospect for traditional, indigenous and local ecological knowledge in contributing to conservation and management of forests and forest resources is well documented. However, the concrete application of knowledge in fostering forest conservation is rarely practiced. It is hypothesized that when traditional, indigenous and local knowledge is integrated into forest conservation, there is likely to be a success through the integration of several stakeholders. To date, there are several social, economic and policy challenges impeding the application of the knowledge in the local context. This study explored how traditional, indigenous and local knowledge can be fostered to help in forest conservation of Embobut forest. The study focused on indigenous knowledge of forest adjacent communities and dwellers belonging to four groups who inhabit the Embobut forest: Sengwers, Marakwets, Pokots and Luhyas. The study used a combination of qualitative methods and ethnographic study approaches. Data were collected from the respondents through semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The study found a need for community elders to be encouraged to pass the indigenous knowledge to the youth through initiation ceremonies, word of mouth and cultural day’s celebrations. This indigenous knowledge needs to be documented and, published and integrated into forest management plans in the Embobut forest. Policy makers need to support patenting, copyrights, trade secrets and intellectual property rights of the essential indigenous knowledge with innovative ideas. For indigenous knowledge to be appreciated by younger generation, there is a need to revise and incorporate the content into the curriculum. They were additionally, integrating new scientific knowledge conspicuous with indigenous and traditional knowledge yielded a more remarkable outcome, fostering sustainable utilization and management of the local forest resources.
Key Words: Indigenous knowledge, Local knowledge, Biodiversity conservation and Embobut forest
Abstract
The prospect for traditional, indigenous and local ecological knowledge in contributing to conservation and management of forests and forest resources is well documented. However, the concrete application of knowledge in fostering forest conservation is rarely practiced. It is hypothesized that when traditional, indigenous and local knowledge is integrated into forest conservation, there is likely to be a success through the integration of several stakeholders. To date, there are several social, economic and policy challenges impeding the application of the knowledge in the local context. This study explored how traditional, indigenous and local knowledge can be fostered to help in forest conservation of Embobut forest. The study focused on indigenous knowledge of forest adjacent communities and dwellers belonging to four groups who inhabit the Embobut forest: Sengwers, Marakwets, Pokots and Luhyas. The study used a combination of qualitative methods and ethnographic study approaches. Data were collected from the respondents through semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews. The study found a need for community elders to be encouraged to pass the indigenous knowledge to the youth through initiation ceremonies, word of mouth and cultural day’s celebrations. This indigenous knowledge needs to be documented and, published and integrated into forest management plans in the Embobut forest. Policy makers need to support patenting, copyrights, trade secrets and intellectual property rights of the essential indigenous knowledge with innovative ideas. For indigenous knowledge to be appreciated by younger generation, there is a need to revise and incorporate the content into the curriculum. They were additionally, integrating new scientific knowledge conspicuous with indigenous and traditional knowledge yielded a more remarkable outcome, fostering sustainable utilization and management of the local forest resources.
Key Words: Indigenous knowledge, Local knowledge, Biodiversity conservation and Embobut forest
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE?
MLA
Kinyili, B. M. et al. “Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 07(01) (2023): 259-269.
APA
Kinyili, B. M. and Ndunda, E. (2023). Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 07(01), 259-269.
Chicago
Kinyili, B. M. and Ndunda, E. “Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 07(01) (2023): 259-269.
Harvard
Kinyili, B. M. and Ndunda, E. 2023. Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 07(01), pp. 259-269.
Vancouver
Kinyili, BM and Ndunda, E. Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2023 October, 07(01): 259-269.
MLA
Kinyili, B. M. et al. “Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 07(01) (2023): 259-269.
APA
Kinyili, B. M. and Ndunda, E. (2023). Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 07(01), 259-269.
Chicago
Kinyili, B. M. and Ndunda, E. “Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 07(01) (2023): 259-269.
Harvard
Kinyili, B. M. and Ndunda, E. 2023. Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 07(01), pp. 259-269.
Vancouver
Kinyili, BM and Ndunda, E. Integrating traditional, indigenous and local knowledge in forest conservation in Embobut Forest, Kenya. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2023 October, 07(01): 259-269.
Volume 07 - Issue 02 | Year of Publication: 2023