J. Biosci. Agric. Res. | Volume 23, Issue 02, 1944-1956 | https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.230220.239
Article type: Research article | Received: 14.02.2020; Revised: 27.03.2020; First published online: 14 April 2020.
Article type: Research article | Received: 14.02.2020; Revised: 27.03.2020; First published online: 14 April 2020.
Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal
Sanjaya Bista 1, Resham Bahadur Thapa 2, Gopal Bahadur KC 2, Shree Baba Pradhan 1, Yuga Nath Ghimire 1 and Sunil Aryal 1
1 Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Entomology Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur.
2 Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
✉ For any information: [email protected].
1 Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Entomology Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur.
2 Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.
✉ For any information: [email protected].
Abstract
The ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan is one of the major limiting factors for both subsistence and commercial Apis mellifera Lin. beekeeping in Nepal. Its management by the beekeepers with chemical application regularly causes resistance in mite and contamination in bee products. So, an investigation was undertaken to explore the acaricidal properties of commonly available organic acid, plant and animal products as alternative methods for honeybee mite management. The ten-frame Langstroth colonies [7-frame honeybees with 5-frame brood] were randomly selected and divided into five groups (treatments) with four colonies in each treatment. The treatments were: formic acid (FA) (65% @ 3 ml/frame), glucose powder (GP) (@ 4 g/frame), neem seed powder (NSP) (@ 3 g/frame), 100% cow urine solution (CUS) (@ 5 ml/frame), and control from third week of May to first week of July in the mid-hill areas of Lalitpur district for two consecutive years, 2017-018. The honeybee mite infestation was determined in randomly selected fifty sealed worker brood cells on 1st, 3rd, 6th, 10th and 15th day. The parameters as percent brood infestation by honeybee mite, percentage reduction of mite infestation, efficacy of different treatments, median lethal time in days (LT50) of the treatments and survivable of honeybee mites in different treatments were recorded. The population of mites before the treatment application was found non-significant, while after treatment application mite population varied significantly among the treatments. However, the interaction between year and treatments during entire observation dates were non-significant. In case of honey yield, it was highly significant among the treatments with the highest yield in FA treated colonies. The highest honeybee mite count on brood cells was observed on control colonies (37.37) and the lowest on FA treated colonies (3.62) followed by CUS (7.87), NSP (11.0) and GP (23.38), respectively, on the 15th day after the treatment. Similarly, the percent reduction of honeybee mite was noticed the highest in FA (91.01%) followed by CUS (81.02%), NSP (71.72%) and GP (40.85%) treatments, respectively. Among the acaracidal material evaluated against honeybee mite, the efficacy of FA was found better which increased from 43.08% on the 1st day to 90.52% on the 15th day of observation. All these evidences indicate superiority of FA over other materials investigated for the management of honeybee mite. This was further strengthened with the lowest LT50 value of FA (0.72 days) as compared to other treatments, NSP (0.80 days), CUS (1.34 days) and GP (2.56 days). All these evidences elucidate the use of FA for the sustainable management of honeybee mite, T. mercedesae in A. mellifera colonies, whereas application of CUS and NSP are also advisable in the mid-hill areas. FA does not contaminate honey as it is volatile, but precaution should be taken during its application.
Key Words: Beekeeping, Apis mellifera, Honeybee mite (Tropilaelaps mercedesae), Management and Non-chemical control
The ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan is one of the major limiting factors for both subsistence and commercial Apis mellifera Lin. beekeeping in Nepal. Its management by the beekeepers with chemical application regularly causes resistance in mite and contamination in bee products. So, an investigation was undertaken to explore the acaricidal properties of commonly available organic acid, plant and animal products as alternative methods for honeybee mite management. The ten-frame Langstroth colonies [7-frame honeybees with 5-frame brood] were randomly selected and divided into five groups (treatments) with four colonies in each treatment. The treatments were: formic acid (FA) (65% @ 3 ml/frame), glucose powder (GP) (@ 4 g/frame), neem seed powder (NSP) (@ 3 g/frame), 100% cow urine solution (CUS) (@ 5 ml/frame), and control from third week of May to first week of July in the mid-hill areas of Lalitpur district for two consecutive years, 2017-018. The honeybee mite infestation was determined in randomly selected fifty sealed worker brood cells on 1st, 3rd, 6th, 10th and 15th day. The parameters as percent brood infestation by honeybee mite, percentage reduction of mite infestation, efficacy of different treatments, median lethal time in days (LT50) of the treatments and survivable of honeybee mites in different treatments were recorded. The population of mites before the treatment application was found non-significant, while after treatment application mite population varied significantly among the treatments. However, the interaction between year and treatments during entire observation dates were non-significant. In case of honey yield, it was highly significant among the treatments with the highest yield in FA treated colonies. The highest honeybee mite count on brood cells was observed on control colonies (37.37) and the lowest on FA treated colonies (3.62) followed by CUS (7.87), NSP (11.0) and GP (23.38), respectively, on the 15th day after the treatment. Similarly, the percent reduction of honeybee mite was noticed the highest in FA (91.01%) followed by CUS (81.02%), NSP (71.72%) and GP (40.85%) treatments, respectively. Among the acaracidal material evaluated against honeybee mite, the efficacy of FA was found better which increased from 43.08% on the 1st day to 90.52% on the 15th day of observation. All these evidences indicate superiority of FA over other materials investigated for the management of honeybee mite. This was further strengthened with the lowest LT50 value of FA (0.72 days) as compared to other treatments, NSP (0.80 days), CUS (1.34 days) and GP (2.56 days). All these evidences elucidate the use of FA for the sustainable management of honeybee mite, T. mercedesae in A. mellifera colonies, whereas application of CUS and NSP are also advisable in the mid-hill areas. FA does not contaminate honey as it is volatile, but precaution should be taken during its application.
Key Words: Beekeeping, Apis mellifera, Honeybee mite (Tropilaelaps mercedesae), Management and Non-chemical control
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MLA
Bista et al. “Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal.” Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 23(02) (2020): 1944-1956.
APA
Bista, S. Thapa, R. B. KC, G. B. Pradhan, S. B. Ghimire, Y. N. and Aryal, S. (2020). Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 23(02), 1944-1956.
Chicago
Bista, S. Thapa, R. B. KC, G. B. Pradhan, S. B. Ghimire, Y. N. and Aryal, S. “Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal.” Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 23(02) (2020): 1944-1956.
Harvard
Bista, S. Thapa, R. B. KC, G. B. Pradhan, S. B. Ghimire, Y. N. and Aryal, S. 2020. Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 23(02), pp. 1944-1956.
Vancouver
Bista, S, Thapa, RB, KC, GB, Pradhan, SB, Ghimire, YN and Aryal, S. Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research. 2020 April 23(02): 1944-1956.
Bista et al. “Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal.” Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 23(02) (2020): 1944-1956.
APA
Bista, S. Thapa, R. B. KC, G. B. Pradhan, S. B. Ghimire, Y. N. and Aryal, S. (2020). Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 23(02), 1944-1956.
Chicago
Bista, S. Thapa, R. B. KC, G. B. Pradhan, S. B. Ghimire, Y. N. and Aryal, S. “Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal.” Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research 23(02) (2020): 1944-1956.
Harvard
Bista, S. Thapa, R. B. KC, G. B. Pradhan, S. B. Ghimire, Y. N. and Aryal, S. 2020. Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 23(02), pp. 1944-1956.
Vancouver
Bista, S, Thapa, RB, KC, GB, Pradhan, SB, Ghimire, YN and Aryal, S. Management of ecto-parasitic mite, Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan in honeybee, Apis mellifera Lin. colonies in the mid-hill areas of Nepal. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research. 2020 April 23(02): 1944-1956.
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