J. Sci. Technol. Environ. Inform. | Volume 09, Issue 01, 639-648| https://doi.org/10.18801/jstei.090120.65
Article type: Research article, Article received: 28.04.2020; Revised: 16.05.2020; Date of Publication: 30 May 2020
Article type: Research article, Article received: 28.04.2020; Revised: 16.05.2020; Date of Publication: 30 May 2020
Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index
Mst. Farzana Rahman Zuthi, Rajon Dey and Swagatom Dasgupta
Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chittagong – 4349, Bangladesh.
✉ Corresponding author: fzuthi@yahoo.com (Zuthi M.F.R).
Department of Civil Engineering, Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology (CUET), Chittagong – 4349, Bangladesh.
✉ Corresponding author: fzuthi@yahoo.com (Zuthi M.F.R).
Abstract
Water quality of a tributary canal falling into Karnafully River estuary of Chittagong, the port city of Bangladesh, has been assessed in the study. Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) method of the National Sanitation Foundation of the United States of America was used for the assessment of the overall water quality of the canal flowing through the port city. A modified equation of water quality index (Mod-WQI) using Expert Choice (EC) software based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has also been proposed to effectively address the effects of different localized phenomena on the water quality of the canal. Besides experimental investigation, a physical and socio-economic survey has been performed to identify the usage and possible sources of pollution of the canal water. The survey identifies that the canal water has been conventionally used for irrigation, fishing, recreation etc. by the local community of the study area. However, the canal receives various untreated industrial toxic wastes as well as municipal wastes. The results of the study indicate that the quality of the canal water is bad according to NSF-WQI while that is of medium quality based on Mod-WQI. Therefore, it is recommended that the water of the canal, with its current quality, should not be used for irrigation, fishing, or other intended purposes. Industrial effluent must be treated before its disposal into the canal to sustain an ecological balance in the canal as well as in the river.
Key Words: Water Quality, Tributary Canal, Water Quality Index, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice (EC)
Water quality of a tributary canal falling into Karnafully River estuary of Chittagong, the port city of Bangladesh, has been assessed in the study. Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) method of the National Sanitation Foundation of the United States of America was used for the assessment of the overall water quality of the canal flowing through the port city. A modified equation of water quality index (Mod-WQI) using Expert Choice (EC) software based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has also been proposed to effectively address the effects of different localized phenomena on the water quality of the canal. Besides experimental investigation, a physical and socio-economic survey has been performed to identify the usage and possible sources of pollution of the canal water. The survey identifies that the canal water has been conventionally used for irrigation, fishing, recreation etc. by the local community of the study area. However, the canal receives various untreated industrial toxic wastes as well as municipal wastes. The results of the study indicate that the quality of the canal water is bad according to NSF-WQI while that is of medium quality based on Mod-WQI. Therefore, it is recommended that the water of the canal, with its current quality, should not be used for irrigation, fishing, or other intended purposes. Industrial effluent must be treated before its disposal into the canal to sustain an ecological balance in the canal as well as in the river.
Key Words: Water Quality, Tributary Canal, Water Quality Index, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Expert Choice (EC)
Article Full-Text PDF
| 65.01.09.2020_assessment_of_water_quality_of_a_tributary_canal_of_chittagong_city_using_water_quality_index.pdf |
|
Share This Article
|
|
Article Citations
MLA
Zuthi, M. F. R. et al. “Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 09(01), (2020):639-648.
APA
Zuthi, M. F. R., Dey, R. and Dasgupta, S. (2020). Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 09(01), 639-648.
Chicago
Zuthi, M. F. R., Dey, R. and Dasgupta, S. “Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 09(01), (2020): 639-648.
Harvard
Zuthi, M. F. R., Dey, R., and Dasgupta, S. 2020. Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 09(01), pp. 639-648.
Vancouver
Zuthi, MFR, Dey, R, and Dasgupta, S. Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2020 May 09(01): 639-648.
Zuthi, M. F. R. et al. “Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 09(01), (2020):639-648.
APA
Zuthi, M. F. R., Dey, R. and Dasgupta, S. (2020). Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 09(01), 639-648.
Chicago
Zuthi, M. F. R., Dey, R. and Dasgupta, S. “Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 09(01), (2020): 639-648.
Harvard
Zuthi, M. F. R., Dey, R., and Dasgupta, S. 2020. Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 09(01), pp. 639-648.
Vancouver
Zuthi, MFR, Dey, R, and Dasgupta, S. Assessment of water quality of a tributary canal of Chittagong city using water quality index. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2020 May 09(01): 639-648.
References
- Ahmed, M. J., Haque, M. R., Ahsan, A., Siraj, S., Bhuiyan, M. H. R., Bhattacharjee, S. C. and Islam, S. (2010). Physicochemical Assessment of Surface and Groundwater Quality of the Greater Chittagong Region of Bangladesh. Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry, 11(2), 1-11.
- Akter, T., Jhohura, F. T., Akter, F., Chowdhury, T. R., Mistry, S. K., Dey, D., Barua, M. K., Islam, M. A. and Rahman, M. (2016). Water Quality Index for measuring drinking water quality in rural Bangladesh: a cross sectional study. Journal of health population and nutrition, 35(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-016-0041-5
- BECR (1997). The Bangladesh Environment Conservation Rules: 205-207.
- Bodrud-Doza, M., Islam, A. R. M. T., Ahmed, F., Das, S., Saha, N. and Rahman, M. S. (2016). Characterization of groundwater quality using water evaluation indices, multivariate statistics and geostatistics in central Bangladesh. Water Science, 30(1), 19–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsj.2016.05.001
- Brown, R. M., Mcclelland, N. I., Deininger, R. A. and Tozer, R. G. (1970). A water quality index: do we dare? Water & Sewage Works, 117(10), 339-343.
- DoE (1986). WQS Phase 1 Study: Development of water Criteria and Standards for Malaysia Department of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Kuala Lumpur Malaysia.
- DoE (1990). WQS Phase 2 Study: Development of water Criteria and standards for Malaysia, Department of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Kuala Lumpur.
- DoE (2001). The General over view of pollution status of Rivers of Bangladesh, Department of Environment, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- EEES. Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Center of Environmental Quality, Wilkes University. http://www.water-research.net/watrqualindex/index.htm
- Haider, I., Kadir, A., Mullick, R. A. and Palit, S. K. (2014). Karnaphuli River Water Pollution and its Impact on Aquatic Species and Water Related Activities of Human Being. The Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering 2014 (ICACE-2014), CUET, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
- Hossain, A. (2001). Evaluation of surface water quality: A case study on Surma River. B.Sc. Engineering thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, Shahjalal University, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
- Hossain, M. S., Islam, M. S. and Chowdhury, M. A. T. (2006). Shore Based Pollution Sources of the Karnafully River and the Effects of Oil-Grease on the Riverine Environment. The Journal of Geo-Environment, 5, 55-66.
- Howladar, M. F., Numanbakth, M. A. A. and Faruque, M. O. (2017). An application of Water Quality Index (WQI) and multivariate statistics to evaluate the water quality around Maddhapara Granite Mining Industrial Area, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Environmental Systems Research, 6, 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-017-0090-9
- Islam, S., Rasul, M. T., Alam, M. J. B. and Haque, M. A. (2011). Evaluation of water quality of the Titas River using NSF water quality index. Journal of Scientific Research, 3(1), 151-159. https://doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6170
- Karbassi, A. R., Hosseini, M. M. F., Baghvand, A. and Nazariha, M. (2011). Development of water quality index (WQI) for Gorganrood River. International Journal of Environmental Research, 5(4), 1041-1046.
- Kumar, A. and Dua, A. (2009). Water Quality Index for assessment of water quality of river Ravi at Madhopur (India). Global Journal of Environmental Sciences 8, 49-57. https://doi.org/10.4314/gjes.v8i1.50824
- Lumb, A., Sharma, T. C. and Bibeault, J. F. (2011). A Review of genesis and evolution of water quality index (WQI) and some future directions. Water Quality, Exposure and Health, 3(1), 11-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-011-0040-0
- Munna, G. M., Chowdhury, M. M. I., Ahmed, A. A. M., Chowdhury, S. and Alom, M. M. (2013). A Canadian Water Quality Guideline-Water Quality Index (CCME-WQI) based assessment study of water quality in Surma River. Journal of Civil Engineering and Construction Technology, 4(3), 81-89.
- Muyen, Z., Rashedujjaman, M. and Rahman, M. S. (2016). Assessment of water quality index: a case study in Old Brahmaputra river of Mymensingh District in Bangladesh. Progressive Agriculture, 27(3), 355-361. https://doi.org/10.3329/pa.v27i3.30832
- Rahman, M. M., Islam, M. A., Bodrud-Doza, M., Muhib, M. I., Zahid, A., Shammi, M., Tareq, S. M. and Kurasaki, M. (2017). Spatio-Temporal Assessment of Groundwater Quality and Human Health Risk: A Case Study in Gopalganj, Bangladesh. Exposure and Health 10(3), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12403-017-0253-y
- Ray, S., Bari, S. H. and Shuvro, S. D. (2015). Assessment of water quality of Goalichara : A water quality index based approach. ARPN Journal of Science and Technology, 5(7), 336-340.
- Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytical hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 83-98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.017590
- Sarwar, M. I., Majumder, A. K. and Islam, M. N. (2010). Water Quality Parameters: A Case Study of Karnafully River Chittagong, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 45(2), 177-181. https://doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v45i2.5722
- Serajuddin, M., Chowdhury, M. A. I., Haque, M. E. and Ferdous, T. (2017). Drinking Water Quality Assessment in Terms of Water Quality Index (WQI) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Proceedings of Civil and Water Resources Engineering Conference 3-4 November 2017, BIAM Foundation, 63 Eskaton, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
- Sikder, M. T., Tanaka, S., Saito, T., Hosokawa, T., Gumiri, S., Ardianor, Uddin, M. K., Tareq, S. M., Shammi, M., Kamal, A. K. I. and Kurasaki, M. (2015). Vulnerability assessment of surface water quality with an innovative integrated multi-parameter water quality index (IMWQI). Pollution, 1(3), 333-346.
- Srebotnjak, T., Carr, G., Sherbinin, A. and Rickwood, C. (2012). A global Water Quality Index and hot-deck imputation of missing data. Ecological Indicators, 17, 108-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.04.023
- Tahmina, B., Sujan, D., Karabi, R., Hena, M. K. A. H., Amin, R. and Sharmin, S. (2018). Assessment of Surface Water Quality of the Turag River in Bangladesh. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment, 22 (2), 49-56.
- Tareq, S. M., Rahaman, M. S., Rikta, S. Y., Islam, S. M. N. and Sultana, M. S. (2013). Seasonal variations in water quality of the Ganges and Brahmaputra River, Bangladesh. Jahangirnagar University Environmental Bulletin, 2, 71-82. https://doi.org/10.3329/jueb.v2i0.16332
- Taseli, B. K. (2009). Influence of Land-based Fish Farm Effluents on the Water Quality of Yanýklar Creek. International Journal of Environmental Research, 3(1), 45-56.
- Zuthi, M. F. R., Dey, R. and Dasgupta, S. (2016). Assessment of water quality of Bamun Shahi canal of Chittagong city. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering, 21-23 December 2016, CUET, Chittagong, Bangladesh.
© 2019 The Authors. This article is freely available for anyone to read, share, download, print, permitted for unrestricted use and build upon, provided that the original author(s) and publisher are given due credit. All Published articles are distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, EISSN 2409-7632.