Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics
Volume 12 - Issue 01 | Year of Publication: 2022
Article Type: Research Article | No. 78, 2022 | Country: Bangladesh | pp. 775-785 | Open Access
Title: Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque, F., Khan, M. A. and Preya, I. J.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.120122.78
Title: Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque, F., Khan, M. A. and Preya, I. J.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.120122.78
Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh
Abstract
Sanitation is a multidimensional concept, mainly including providing service for clean water and safe disposal of human excreta, drainage and waste management. The researcher of the study aims to find out the existing condition of the sanitation environment and women’s health issues for the implication of the sanitation environment. For this purpose, the researcher used the Khulna railway slum informal settlement of Khulna city as the study area and identified the sample size through convenience sampling as the study is explanatory. Under convenience sampling, 134 respondents were surveyed through a face-to-face interview. Through the study, the researcher learns about the existing sanitation environment through the present condition of sanitary facilities, drainage facilities, water facilities and waste management facilities. Furthermore, the sanitation environment is a significant concern in the slums. Because of the poor sanitation environment, the slum women are getting sick. They face physical health issues like cold and cough, diarrhoea, skin disease and urinary tract infection. Moreover, they also experience psychological health issues like depression, loss of sleep and losing confidence. In addition, women experience health issues during pregnancy (eating disorders, weakness, nausea, shortness of breath, back pain, sleep disorder, depression and anxiety disorder) and menstruation period (stomach pain, mood swing, excessive bleeding, rash at external genitalia).
Key Words: Sanitation environment, Urban slum, Women's Health, Physical and psychological issue
Abstract
Sanitation is a multidimensional concept, mainly including providing service for clean water and safe disposal of human excreta, drainage and waste management. The researcher of the study aims to find out the existing condition of the sanitation environment and women’s health issues for the implication of the sanitation environment. For this purpose, the researcher used the Khulna railway slum informal settlement of Khulna city as the study area and identified the sample size through convenience sampling as the study is explanatory. Under convenience sampling, 134 respondents were surveyed through a face-to-face interview. Through the study, the researcher learns about the existing sanitation environment through the present condition of sanitary facilities, drainage facilities, water facilities and waste management facilities. Furthermore, the sanitation environment is a significant concern in the slums. Because of the poor sanitation environment, the slum women are getting sick. They face physical health issues like cold and cough, diarrhoea, skin disease and urinary tract infection. Moreover, they also experience psychological health issues like depression, loss of sleep and losing confidence. In addition, women experience health issues during pregnancy (eating disorders, weakness, nausea, shortness of breath, back pain, sleep disorder, depression and anxiety disorder) and menstruation period (stomach pain, mood swing, excessive bleeding, rash at external genitalia).
Key Words: Sanitation environment, Urban slum, Women's Health, Physical and psychological issue
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
MLA
Hoque, F. et al. “Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(01) (2022): 775-785.
APA
Hoque, F., Khan, M. A. and Preya, I. J. (2022). Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(01), 775-785.
Chicago
Hoque, F., Khan, M. A. and Preya, I. J. “Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh.” Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(01) (2022): 775-785.
Harvard
Hoque, F., Khan, M. A. and Preya, I. J. 2022. Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(01), pp. 775-785.
Vancouver
Hoque, F, Khan, MA and Preya, IJ. Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2022 September 12(01): 775-785.
MLA
Hoque, F. et al. “Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(01) (2022): 775-785.
APA
Hoque, F., Khan, M. A. and Preya, I. J. (2022). Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(01), 775-785.
Chicago
Hoque, F., Khan, M. A. and Preya, I. J. “Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh.” Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(01) (2022): 775-785.
Harvard
Hoque, F., Khan, M. A. and Preya, I. J. 2022. Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(01), pp. 775-785.
Vancouver
Hoque, F, Khan, MA and Preya, IJ. Implications of sanitation environment on women's health: a case on railway slum of Khulna city in Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2022 September 12(01): 775-785.
Volume 12- Issue 02 | Year of Publication: 2023
Article Type: Research Article | No. 79, 2023 | Country: Bangladesh | pp. 786-799 | Open Access
Title: Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising
Authors: Islam, A. K. M. S., Alam, M. A., Adom, M. E., Khan, A. U., Kamruzzaman, M. and Islam, M. M.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.120223.79
Title: Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising
Authors: Islam, A. K. M. S., Alam, M. A., Adom, M. E., Khan, A. U., Kamruzzaman, M. and Islam, M. M.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.120223.79
Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising
Abstract
Manual method of seed sowing results in poor seed placement, low spacing efficiency, and severe back pain for the growers, which confines the size of field that can be planted. Uniform seedling density is essential for a mechanical rice transplanting system, which is complicated to maintain by hand broadcasting, a laborious and time-consuming operation. The research aims to design, develop, and fabricate a handy manually operated seed sower prototype using locally available raw materials for raising mat-type seedlings. The seed sower was designed, developed, and fabricated using a fluted roller and an adjustable soft-haired brush to disperse germinated paddy seeds uniformly. In the Farm Machinery and Postharvest Technology divisional research workshop of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), a rice seed sower machine was designed utilizing conveniently available components. The machine was fabricated as per design. Dispensing of seeds can be easily adjusted with neo-type levers marked from 0 to 7. A brush adjustment meter in 95 to 160g of sprouted seeds in each tray can adjust the seed delivery rate. The machine was calibrated for different sizes of germinated seeds. Optimal rice seeding rate is important in establishing a uniform stand with an adequate plant population. The results have shown that the capacity of the seed sower is 119 ± 5 trays per minute, whereas 50-60 trays per hour are broadcasted by in-hand broadcasting. The machine requires 41± 10 W of power to operate at 89% uniformity. The machine is very useful for low cost and quick sowing of seeds uniformly in trays. Introducing a community-based seedling-raising method will help rural entrepreneurship development and rice transplanter machine adoption at the farmer level.
Key Words: Rice seed, Capacity, Metering device, Angle of repose, Rolling resistance and Uniformity
Abstract
Manual method of seed sowing results in poor seed placement, low spacing efficiency, and severe back pain for the growers, which confines the size of field that can be planted. Uniform seedling density is essential for a mechanical rice transplanting system, which is complicated to maintain by hand broadcasting, a laborious and time-consuming operation. The research aims to design, develop, and fabricate a handy manually operated seed sower prototype using locally available raw materials for raising mat-type seedlings. The seed sower was designed, developed, and fabricated using a fluted roller and an adjustable soft-haired brush to disperse germinated paddy seeds uniformly. In the Farm Machinery and Postharvest Technology divisional research workshop of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI), a rice seed sower machine was designed utilizing conveniently available components. The machine was fabricated as per design. Dispensing of seeds can be easily adjusted with neo-type levers marked from 0 to 7. A brush adjustment meter in 95 to 160g of sprouted seeds in each tray can adjust the seed delivery rate. The machine was calibrated for different sizes of germinated seeds. Optimal rice seeding rate is important in establishing a uniform stand with an adequate plant population. The results have shown that the capacity of the seed sower is 119 ± 5 trays per minute, whereas 50-60 trays per hour are broadcasted by in-hand broadcasting. The machine requires 41± 10 W of power to operate at 89% uniformity. The machine is very useful for low cost and quick sowing of seeds uniformly in trays. Introducing a community-based seedling-raising method will help rural entrepreneurship development and rice transplanter machine adoption at the farmer level.
Key Words: Rice seed, Capacity, Metering device, Angle of repose, Rolling resistance and Uniformity
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
MLA
Islam, A. K. M. S. et al. “Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 786-799.
APA
Islam, A. K. M. S., Alam, M. A., Adom, M. E., Khan, A. U., Kamruzzaman, M. and Islam, M. M. (2023). Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), 786-799.
Chicago
Islam, A. K. M. S., Alam, M. A., Adom, M. E., Khan, A. U., Kamruzzaman, M. and Islam, M. M. “Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising.” Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 786-799.
Harvard
Islam, A. K. M. S., Alam, M. A., Adom, M. E., Khan, A. U., Kamruzzaman, M. and Islam, M. M. 2023. Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), pp. 786-799.
Vancouver
Islam, AKMS, Alam, MA, Adom, ME, Khan, AU, Kamruzzaman, M and Islam, MM. Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2023 August, 12(02): 786-799.
MLA
Islam, A. K. M. S. et al. “Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 786-799.
APA
Islam, A. K. M. S., Alam, M. A., Adom, M. E., Khan, A. U., Kamruzzaman, M. and Islam, M. M. (2023). Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), 786-799.
Chicago
Islam, A. K. M. S., Alam, M. A., Adom, M. E., Khan, A. U., Kamruzzaman, M. and Islam, M. M. “Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising.” Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 786-799.
Harvard
Islam, A. K. M. S., Alam, M. A., Adom, M. E., Khan, A. U., Kamruzzaman, M. and Islam, M. M. 2023. Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), pp. 786-799.
Vancouver
Islam, AKMS, Alam, MA, Adom, ME, Khan, AU, Kamruzzaman, M and Islam, MM. Design and fabricate BRRI seed sower machine for mat-type seedling raising. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2023 August, 12(02): 786-799.
Article Type: Research Article | No. 81, 2023 | Country: Nepal | pp. 800-805 | Open Access
Title: Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal
Authors: Bhandari, H., Chapagain, T. R., Paudel, B., Shah, P., Sharma, A. and Rimal, R.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.120223.80
Title: Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal
Authors: Bhandari, H., Chapagain, T. R., Paudel, B., Shah, P., Sharma, A. and Rimal, R.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.120223.80
Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal
Abstract
A farmer’s field survey was carried out to assess pesticide use status of major vegetables as well as farmers’ perception and knowledge of climate change in Dhunibesi municipality of Dhading district and Bharatpur metropolitan city of Chitwan district of Nepal in 2022. A total of 133 farmers were interviewed using semi-structure questionnaire. To analyze the data Microsoft-Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) softwares were used. Out of the total land holding, land allocated for vegetable production was 84.4% and 86.4% in Dhunibesi and Bharatpur, respectively. Majority of respondents (73%) were aware of environmental impact of pesticides and 56% experienced human health related problems due to the pesticide application. Moreover, 68.4% used symptoms-based pesticide spray, followed by routine (27.1%) and weather-based (4.5%). Of the total, 88, 85.7, 75.9 and 73.7% of farmers were found to consider expiry date, recommended dose, waiting periods and tag level, respectively, while purchasing pesticides. The majority (52.63%) of the farmers rely on agro-vet recommendations to buy right pesticides followed by their own decision (27.07%) and neighbor recommendation (13.53%), whereas only 6.67% were based on agriculture technician recommendations. Majority of the farmers (82.71%) were using only chemical pesticides. Furthermore, more than half of respondents (56.39%) were somewhat aware of climate change, while only 1.50% had a clearer awareness of it. Of the total, 45.1, 24.3, 18.6, 7.5 and 4.5% of the respondents had experienced excessive rainfall, frost, hailstorm, drought and cold wave, respectively, as a major weather event affecting vegetable production. Awareness, training on pesticide using procedures, safety and precaution measures, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) knowledge and encouragement to use botanical and biological pesticides could be effective ways to combat pest risks. Furthermore, timely weather and climate information helps farmers minimize agricultural risks and human health hazards.
Key Words: Vegetables; Pesticides; Farmer; Awareness and Climate change
Abstract
A farmer’s field survey was carried out to assess pesticide use status of major vegetables as well as farmers’ perception and knowledge of climate change in Dhunibesi municipality of Dhading district and Bharatpur metropolitan city of Chitwan district of Nepal in 2022. A total of 133 farmers were interviewed using semi-structure questionnaire. To analyze the data Microsoft-Excel and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) softwares were used. Out of the total land holding, land allocated for vegetable production was 84.4% and 86.4% in Dhunibesi and Bharatpur, respectively. Majority of respondents (73%) were aware of environmental impact of pesticides and 56% experienced human health related problems due to the pesticide application. Moreover, 68.4% used symptoms-based pesticide spray, followed by routine (27.1%) and weather-based (4.5%). Of the total, 88, 85.7, 75.9 and 73.7% of farmers were found to consider expiry date, recommended dose, waiting periods and tag level, respectively, while purchasing pesticides. The majority (52.63%) of the farmers rely on agro-vet recommendations to buy right pesticides followed by their own decision (27.07%) and neighbor recommendation (13.53%), whereas only 6.67% were based on agriculture technician recommendations. Majority of the farmers (82.71%) were using only chemical pesticides. Furthermore, more than half of respondents (56.39%) were somewhat aware of climate change, while only 1.50% had a clearer awareness of it. Of the total, 45.1, 24.3, 18.6, 7.5 and 4.5% of the respondents had experienced excessive rainfall, frost, hailstorm, drought and cold wave, respectively, as a major weather event affecting vegetable production. Awareness, training on pesticide using procedures, safety and precaution measures, Integrated Pest Management (IPM) knowledge and encouragement to use botanical and biological pesticides could be effective ways to combat pest risks. Furthermore, timely weather and climate information helps farmers minimize agricultural risks and human health hazards.
Key Words: Vegetables; Pesticides; Farmer; Awareness and Climate change
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
MLA
Bhandari, H. et al. “Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 800-805.
APA
Bhandari, H., Chapagain, T. R., Paudel, B., Shah, P., Sharma, A. and Rimal, R. (2023). Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), 800-805.
Chicago
Bhandari, H., Chapagain, T. R., Paudel, B., Shah, P., Sharma, A. and Rimal, R. “Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal.” Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 800-805.
Harvard
Bhandari, H., Chapagain, T. R., Paudel, B., Shah, P., Sharma, A. and Rimal, R. 2023. Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), pp. 800-805.
Vancouver
Bhandari, H, Chapagain, TR, Paudel, B, Shah, P, Sharma, A and Rimal, R. Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2023 August, 12(02): 800-805.
MLA
Bhandari, H. et al. “Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 800-805.
APA
Bhandari, H., Chapagain, T. R., Paudel, B., Shah, P., Sharma, A. and Rimal, R. (2023). Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), 800-805.
Chicago
Bhandari, H., Chapagain, T. R., Paudel, B., Shah, P., Sharma, A. and Rimal, R. “Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal.” Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 800-805.
Harvard
Bhandari, H., Chapagain, T. R., Paudel, B., Shah, P., Sharma, A. and Rimal, R. 2023. Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), pp. 800-805.
Vancouver
Bhandari, H, Chapagain, TR, Paudel, B, Shah, P, Sharma, A and Rimal, R. Assessment of pesticide use on vegetables in the context of climate change in Dhading and Chitwan district of Nepal. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2023 August, 12(02): 800-805.
Article Type: Research Article | No. 81, 2023 | Country: Bangladesh | pp. 806-821 | Open Access
Title: Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh
Authors: Debnath, P., Siddiqua, A. and Biswas, A.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.120223.81
Title: Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh
Authors: Debnath, P., Siddiqua, A. and Biswas, A.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18801/jstei.120223.81
Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh
Abstract
The coastal region of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate induced disasters, so the study was carried out at Amtali union, Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to find out the existing health vulnerability and the perceived health vulnerability that will arise due to further disaster situations and investigate the relationship between respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics with actual health vulnerability and perceived health vulnerability. The information was collected through face-to-face questionnaire survey and key informant interviews. To find out the health vulnerability of this area, the author used vulnerability index and perceived health vulnerability index that was measured through calculating indicators accumulative score divided by the obtainable score. After that, Coefficients of Correlation was used to find out the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics of respondent and actual vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability. In the study area maximum respondents were male and middle aged with no literacy and low-level monthly income rate. The study revealed that according to respondents’ opinion, the value of existing health vulnerability was 0.48, less than the perceived health vulnerability 0.67. The respondents of study area thought that their health conditions are deteriorating day by day for facing different kinds of disaster within a short period. So, it enhanced their unstable rate which may turn towards health risks for future adverse situations and made them more vulnerable to those disasters. Correlation analysis indicated that education (-0.268”), income (-0.312”) and gender (-0.158’) had a negative significant relationship with existing health vulnerability and only the marital status (0.211”) had positive relationship with actual health vulnerability of study area. On the other hand, for perceived health vulnerability cases, education (0.346”) and marital status (0.357”) had positive relationship and age (-0.320”), income (-0.461”) had negative relationship for triggering the health condition of victim people. Based on this analysis, in the study area, academic education and knowledge of disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management are the main focus so that they can extend their livelihood options to keep their income level stable and develop adaptability against any negative climatic change to disaster.
Key Words: Health, Vulnerability, Perceive Health Vulnerability, Climate Change and Disaster etc.
Abstract
The coastal region of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to climate induced disasters, so the study was carried out at Amtali union, Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to find out the existing health vulnerability and the perceived health vulnerability that will arise due to further disaster situations and investigate the relationship between respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics with actual health vulnerability and perceived health vulnerability. The information was collected through face-to-face questionnaire survey and key informant interviews. To find out the health vulnerability of this area, the author used vulnerability index and perceived health vulnerability index that was measured through calculating indicators accumulative score divided by the obtainable score. After that, Coefficients of Correlation was used to find out the relationship between socioeconomic characteristics of respondent and actual vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability. In the study area maximum respondents were male and middle aged with no literacy and low-level monthly income rate. The study revealed that according to respondents’ opinion, the value of existing health vulnerability was 0.48, less than the perceived health vulnerability 0.67. The respondents of study area thought that their health conditions are deteriorating day by day for facing different kinds of disaster within a short period. So, it enhanced their unstable rate which may turn towards health risks for future adverse situations and made them more vulnerable to those disasters. Correlation analysis indicated that education (-0.268”), income (-0.312”) and gender (-0.158’) had a negative significant relationship with existing health vulnerability and only the marital status (0.211”) had positive relationship with actual health vulnerability of study area. On the other hand, for perceived health vulnerability cases, education (0.346”) and marital status (0.357”) had positive relationship and age (-0.320”), income (-0.461”) had negative relationship for triggering the health condition of victim people. Based on this analysis, in the study area, academic education and knowledge of disaster risk reduction and disaster risk management are the main focus so that they can extend their livelihood options to keep their income level stable and develop adaptability against any negative climatic change to disaster.
Key Words: Health, Vulnerability, Perceive Health Vulnerability, Climate Change and Disaster etc.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE
MLA
Debnath, P. et al. “Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 806-820.
APA
Debnath, P., Siddiqua, A. and Biswas, A. (2023). Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), 806-820.
Chicago
Debnath, P., Siddiqua, A. and Biswas, A. “Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh.” Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 806-820.
Harvard
Debnath, P., Siddiqua, A. and Biswas, A. 2023. Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), pp. 806-820.
Vancouver
Debnath, P, Siddiqua, A and Biswas, A. Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2023 August, 12(02): 806-820.
MLA
Debnath, P. et al. “Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh”. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 806-820.
APA
Debnath, P., Siddiqua, A. and Biswas, A. (2023). Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), 806-820.
Chicago
Debnath, P., Siddiqua, A. and Biswas, A. “Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh.” Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics 12(02) (2023): 806-820.
Harvard
Debnath, P., Siddiqua, A. and Biswas, A. 2023. Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics, 12(02), pp. 806-820.
Vancouver
Debnath, P, Siddiqua, A and Biswas, A. Actual health vulnerability vs perceived health vulnerability due to disaster at Amtali union, Bangladesh. Journal of Science, Technology and Environment Informatics. 2023 August, 12(02): 806-820.