International Journal of Forestry, Ecology & Environment
Volume 06 - Issue 01 | Year of Publication: 2022
Article Type: Research Article | No. 24, 2022 | Country: Nigeria | pp. 215-223 | Open Access
Title: Assessment of fuelwood utilization and carbon emission on conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Egwunatum, A. E., Ndulue, N. B. and Okoro, V. I.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.060122.24
Title: Assessment of fuelwood utilization and carbon emission on conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Egwunatum, A. E., Ndulue, N. B. and Okoro, V. I.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.060122.24
Assessment of fuelwood utilization and carbon emission on conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria
Abstract
Fuel wood is the main energy source in rural and peri-urban areas where its utilization constitutes a significant index of carbon leakage from its renewable source due to over exploitation and production of its composite products. This study was carried out to ascertain the level of local deforestation and carbon emission from the use of Mangrove fuelwood as source of energy in Koko. The Five- point Likert scale questionnaires were administered in the community to verify the sources of mangrove fuelwood, preference for existing species of fuelwood and other alternative energy, impact on sustainable livelihood and environment. Twenty (20) randomly selected Households in Nana and New Koko quarters were assigned weighed bunches of mangrove fuel wood procured from the Fuelwood Market for use as energy burners. These were monitored daily for 14 days and collected data were analyzed using descriptive and chi-square (X2) test statistics with mean score ≥ 3.00 as significant, while the carbon dioxide emitted from fuelwood by individual households was estimated by standard procedure. Results showed that mean of critically investigated indices were significant (mean score ≥ 3.00) in the order of existing booming market for mangrove fuelwood (3.04) < fuel wood consumption/cost of fuelwood (3.20) < 5-10 bunches required for fish-drying (3.25) < non-preference for other wood species than the mangrove fuelwood for kiln fish-drying (3.67). These perceptions corroborated the mean indigenous knowledge that fuelwood stoves released more fumes than kerosene stoves (3.91) with negative environmental health implications. High quantity of fuelwood used by households in Koko (3.67) accounted for approximately 411.15 - 734.67 kg and 333.54-694.15 kg of mangrove fuelwood consumed as well as the average 21.41-74.12 CO2eq/kg and 16.47-70.82 CO2eq/kg emission per day per household in Nana and New Koko quarters respectively. Furthermore, the high preference for mangrove fuelwood due to thermal capacity and presence of colour pigments for attractive commercial fish drying venture underpinned high fuelwood utilization along with carbon emission in Koko to impinge on conservation of the blue carbon Mangrove Forest. Therefore, pressure reduction by sustainable forest management by fuelwood efficiency and reduced emission profile to allow for other endowed ecological benefits of Mangrove Forest Conservation cannot be overemphasized as attempts at minimizing degradation and enhancing carbon de-capitalization in Koko Community.
Key Words: Fuel wood, Deforestation, Carbon emission, Mangrove wood and Koko Community.
Abstract
Fuel wood is the main energy source in rural and peri-urban areas where its utilization constitutes a significant index of carbon leakage from its renewable source due to over exploitation and production of its composite products. This study was carried out to ascertain the level of local deforestation and carbon emission from the use of Mangrove fuelwood as source of energy in Koko. The Five- point Likert scale questionnaires were administered in the community to verify the sources of mangrove fuelwood, preference for existing species of fuelwood and other alternative energy, impact on sustainable livelihood and environment. Twenty (20) randomly selected Households in Nana and New Koko quarters were assigned weighed bunches of mangrove fuel wood procured from the Fuelwood Market for use as energy burners. These were monitored daily for 14 days and collected data were analyzed using descriptive and chi-square (X2) test statistics with mean score ≥ 3.00 as significant, while the carbon dioxide emitted from fuelwood by individual households was estimated by standard procedure. Results showed that mean of critically investigated indices were significant (mean score ≥ 3.00) in the order of existing booming market for mangrove fuelwood (3.04) < fuel wood consumption/cost of fuelwood (3.20) < 5-10 bunches required for fish-drying (3.25) < non-preference for other wood species than the mangrove fuelwood for kiln fish-drying (3.67). These perceptions corroborated the mean indigenous knowledge that fuelwood stoves released more fumes than kerosene stoves (3.91) with negative environmental health implications. High quantity of fuelwood used by households in Koko (3.67) accounted for approximately 411.15 - 734.67 kg and 333.54-694.15 kg of mangrove fuelwood consumed as well as the average 21.41-74.12 CO2eq/kg and 16.47-70.82 CO2eq/kg emission per day per household in Nana and New Koko quarters respectively. Furthermore, the high preference for mangrove fuelwood due to thermal capacity and presence of colour pigments for attractive commercial fish drying venture underpinned high fuelwood utilization along with carbon emission in Koko to impinge on conservation of the blue carbon Mangrove Forest. Therefore, pressure reduction by sustainable forest management by fuelwood efficiency and reduced emission profile to allow for other endowed ecological benefits of Mangrove Forest Conservation cannot be overemphasized as attempts at minimizing degradation and enhancing carbon de-capitalization in Koko Community.
Key Words: Fuel wood, Deforestation, Carbon emission, Mangrove wood and Koko Community.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE?
MLA
Egwunatum, A. E. "Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria. International.” International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 215-223.
APA
Egwunatum, A. E., Ndulue, N. B. and Okoro, V. I. (2022). Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), 215-223.
Chicago
Egwunatum, A. E., Ndulue, N. B. and Okoro, V. I. “Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria” International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 215-223.
Harvard
Egwunatum, A. E., Ndulue, N. B. and Okoro, V. I. 2022. Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), pp. 215-223.
Vancouver
Egwunatum, AE, Ndulue, NB and Okoro, VI. Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2022 December 06(01): 215-223.
MLA
Egwunatum, A. E. "Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria. International.” International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 215-223.
APA
Egwunatum, A. E., Ndulue, N. B. and Okoro, V. I. (2022). Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), 215-223.
Chicago
Egwunatum, A. E., Ndulue, N. B. and Okoro, V. I. “Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria” International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 215-223.
Harvard
Egwunatum, A. E., Ndulue, N. B. and Okoro, V. I. 2022. Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), pp. 215-223.
Vancouver
Egwunatum, AE, Ndulue, NB and Okoro, VI. Assessment of Fuelwood Utilization and Carbon Emission on Conservation of Mangrove (Rhizophora racemosa) Forest in Koko, Delta State, Nigeria. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2022 December 06(01): 215-223.
Article Type: Research Article | No. 25, 2022 | Country: Bangladesh | pp. 224-234 | Open Access
Title: Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under high Ganges river floodplain, Bangladesh
Authors: Monira, S., Ali, M. I., Islam, M. S., Zaman, F., Sarker, U. K., Begum, M. and Uddin, M. R.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.060122.25
Title: Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under high Ganges river floodplain, Bangladesh
Authors: Monira, S., Ali, M. I., Islam, M. S., Zaman, F., Sarker, U. K., Begum, M. and Uddin, M. R.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.060122.25
Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under high Ganges river floodplain, Bangladesh
Abstract
To identify the predominant weed flora composition and severity of the prevailing weed flora, surveys were conducted in Jashore from July to December 2021 in T. aman rice fields. Ten fields were randomly selected from each of the three upazila such as Jhikargacha, Monirampur and Keshabpur. The quantitative surveying technique employing a 0.25 m2 quadrate and 16 samples (excluding canals, pits, and field edge) per each field was considered for the survey following zig-zag pattern. Sampling was done, while the age of rice plants were 65 days. The weed species were identified and the frequency, field uniformity, density and relative abundance value were estimated for each species. A total of 46 weeds belonging to 20 families were identified, comprising 25 annuals and 21 perennials; 11 grasses, seven sedges, 27 broadleaves and one fern. The result showed that Poaceae was the top most dominant family contributing 11 weeds, while Cyperaceae ranked second with seven weeds. Based on relative abundance (RA) value, the top 10 most abundant weed species in descending order were Echinochloa crus-galli (34.41), Fimbristylis miliacea (22.14), Echinochloa colonum (16.56), Monochoria vaginalis (16.04), Eleocharisatro purpurea (12.96), Lindernia hysopioides (12.59), Ludwigia hyssopifolia (12.09), Digitaria sanguinalis (11.05), Lindernia antipoda (10.44) and Cyperus difformis (9.88). According to RA value, annual weeds (RA value: 138) were more dominant over perennials (RA value: 162). Moreover, broadleaves had a higher abundance value (150.3) than grasses (93.6) and sedges (56.1). Hence, the management strategies should be designed based on the latest results rather than any countrywide blanket recommendation.
Key Words: Field uniformity, Frequency, Relative abundance, Survey, Weed control efficiency and Weed diversity.
Abstract
To identify the predominant weed flora composition and severity of the prevailing weed flora, surveys were conducted in Jashore from July to December 2021 in T. aman rice fields. Ten fields were randomly selected from each of the three upazila such as Jhikargacha, Monirampur and Keshabpur. The quantitative surveying technique employing a 0.25 m2 quadrate and 16 samples (excluding canals, pits, and field edge) per each field was considered for the survey following zig-zag pattern. Sampling was done, while the age of rice plants were 65 days. The weed species were identified and the frequency, field uniformity, density and relative abundance value were estimated for each species. A total of 46 weeds belonging to 20 families were identified, comprising 25 annuals and 21 perennials; 11 grasses, seven sedges, 27 broadleaves and one fern. The result showed that Poaceae was the top most dominant family contributing 11 weeds, while Cyperaceae ranked second with seven weeds. Based on relative abundance (RA) value, the top 10 most abundant weed species in descending order were Echinochloa crus-galli (34.41), Fimbristylis miliacea (22.14), Echinochloa colonum (16.56), Monochoria vaginalis (16.04), Eleocharisatro purpurea (12.96), Lindernia hysopioides (12.59), Ludwigia hyssopifolia (12.09), Digitaria sanguinalis (11.05), Lindernia antipoda (10.44) and Cyperus difformis (9.88). According to RA value, annual weeds (RA value: 138) were more dominant over perennials (RA value: 162). Moreover, broadleaves had a higher abundance value (150.3) than grasses (93.6) and sedges (56.1). Hence, the management strategies should be designed based on the latest results rather than any countrywide blanket recommendation.
Key Words: Field uniformity, Frequency, Relative abundance, Survey, Weed control efficiency and Weed diversity.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE?
MLA
Monira, S. et al. “Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 224-234.
APA
Monira, S., Ali, M. I., Islam, M. S., Zaman, F., Sarker, U. K., Begum, M. and Uddin, M. R. (2022). Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), 224-234.
Chicago
Monira, S., Ali, M. I., Islam, M. S., Zaman, F., Sarker, U. K., Begum, M. and Uddin, M. R. “Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 224-234.
Harvard
Monira, S., Ali, M. I., Islam, M. S., Zaman, F., Sarker, U. K., Begum, M. and Uddin, M. R. 2022. Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), pp. 224-234.
Vancouver
Monira, S, Ali, MI, Islam, MS, Zaman, F, Sarker, UK, Begum, M and Uddin, MR. Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2022 December 06(01): 224-234.
MLA
Monira, S. et al. “Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 224-234.
APA
Monira, S., Ali, M. I., Islam, M. S., Zaman, F., Sarker, U. K., Begum, M. and Uddin, M. R. (2022). Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), 224-234.
Chicago
Monira, S., Ali, M. I., Islam, M. S., Zaman, F., Sarker, U. K., Begum, M. and Uddin, M. R. “Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh”. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 224-234.
Harvard
Monira, S., Ali, M. I., Islam, M. S., Zaman, F., Sarker, U. K., Begum, M. and Uddin, M. R. 2022. Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), pp. 224-234.
Vancouver
Monira, S, Ali, MI, Islam, MS, Zaman, F, Sarker, UK, Begum, M and Uddin, MR. Weeds diversity in T. aman rice field under High Ganges River Floodplain, Bangladesh. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2022 December 06(01): 224-234.
Article Type: Research Article | No. 26, 2022 | Country: Nigeria | pp. 235-244 | Open Access
Title: Change detection of the Upper Orashi forest wetland of Nigeria, using geospatial analysis
Authors: Edo, I., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.060122.26
Title: Change detection of the Upper Orashi forest wetland of Nigeria, using geospatial analysis
Authors: Edo, I., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/ijfee.060122.26
Change detection of the Upper Orashi forest wetland of Nigeria, using geospatial analysis
Abstract
Wetland is an essential ecosystem that provides numerous goods and services such as tourism and recreation, water purification, and groundwater recharge. It also acts as a carbon sink, which means that it is an essential asset in reducing the level of greenhouse gases in the environment. Despite the value, wetlands are disappearing at a fast rate, however, the need to ascertain the state of Upper Orsahi forest reserve wetland with respect to wetlands change. To ascertain the net and transition change detection in the wetland area of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland, land cover classification change was performed using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing methods, particularly the supervised classification of land cover data for 2002, 2013, and 2019. The land cover was classified into three classes: wetland, thick vegetation and light vegetation. The result shows a significant degradation of the Upper Orashi forest reserve wetlands within the study period. The data from the questionnaire is to know which sector and activities in the area result in wetland loss. The result shows that industrial sector is the major driver of wetland loss in the area, while the activities include; building of industries, installation of oil and gas facilities, and agriculture. This means that the available laws used to manage Nigeria's wetlands are ineffective. However, there is an urgent need to enact a new regulation for effective/sustainable management of wetlands in the country.
Key Words: Wetlands, Environment, Niger delta, Vegetation, Class and laws
Abstract
Wetland is an essential ecosystem that provides numerous goods and services such as tourism and recreation, water purification, and groundwater recharge. It also acts as a carbon sink, which means that it is an essential asset in reducing the level of greenhouse gases in the environment. Despite the value, wetlands are disappearing at a fast rate, however, the need to ascertain the state of Upper Orsahi forest reserve wetland with respect to wetlands change. To ascertain the net and transition change detection in the wetland area of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland, land cover classification change was performed using Geographic Information Systems and Remote Sensing methods, particularly the supervised classification of land cover data for 2002, 2013, and 2019. The land cover was classified into three classes: wetland, thick vegetation and light vegetation. The result shows a significant degradation of the Upper Orashi forest reserve wetlands within the study period. The data from the questionnaire is to know which sector and activities in the area result in wetland loss. The result shows that industrial sector is the major driver of wetland loss in the area, while the activities include; building of industries, installation of oil and gas facilities, and agriculture. This means that the available laws used to manage Nigeria's wetlands are ineffective. However, there is an urgent need to enact a new regulation for effective/sustainable management of wetlands in the country.
Key Words: Wetlands, Environment, Niger delta, Vegetation, Class and laws
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE?
MLA
Edo, I. et al. "Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis". International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 235-244.
APA
Edo, I., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. (2022). Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), 235-244.
Chicago
Edo, I., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. "Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis". International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 235-244.
Harvard
Edo, I., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. 2022.Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), pp. 235-244.
Vancouver
Edo, I, Enoguanbhor, EC and Albrecht, E.Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2022 December 06(01): 235-244.
MLA
Edo, I. et al. "Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis". International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 235-244.
APA
Edo, I., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. (2022). Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), 235-244.
Chicago
Edo, I., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. "Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis". International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment 06(01) (2022): 235-244.
Harvard
Edo, I., Enoguanbhor, E. C. and Albrecht, E. 2022.Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment, 06(01), pp. 235-244.
Vancouver
Edo, I, Enoguanbhor, EC and Albrecht, E.Change detection of the Upper Orashi Forest Wetland of Nigeria, using Geospatial Analysis. International Journal of Forestry, Ecology and Environment. 2022 December 06(01): 235-244.
Volume 06 - Issue 02 | Year of Publication: 2022