Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research
Volume 27 - Issue 01 | Year of Publication: 2021
Article Type: Research Article | No. 271, 2021 | Country: Nigeria | pp. 2217-2224 | Open Access
Title: Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria
Authors: Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.270121.271
Title: Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria
Authors: Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.270121.271
Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria
Abstract
The study evaluated the quality of eggs and constraints facing smallholder egg producers (≤10,000 layers) in Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Desk study, survey of 47 farmers, Focused Group Discussion with eight farmers and weighing of eggs were done at Obio-Akpor, Oyigbo and Etche Municipal Councils out of the eight in Greater Port Harcourt City. Farmers were administered pre-structured questionnaires. Open questions from a checklist were used for in-depth interviews with 22 stakeholders. Thirty eggs per grade were weighed using a digital scale. Numerical data were evaluated using the SPSS statistical package, while qualitative information was assessed using matrices and content analysis. Results indicate that most farmers (56%) sort and grade their eggs for better prices but time constraint discourages others from doing so. The size was the only egg grading criterion used. A five-grade system (jumbo, extra-large, large, small, and bullet) was used. The most important quality parameters were size (41%), shell colour (29%), cleanliness (28%) and weight (2%). Customers prefer brown-shelled (82%) eggs to white (15%). Significant constraints faced by farmers were input-based (high cost and low quality feed, drug breeds, veterinary services, lack of loans); management (staff misbehaviour) and infrastructure (bad roads and poor electricity supply) related. Other stakeholders face quality challenges (small size, dirty eggs, rotting of eggs, no uniformity, low or no grading, high returns rate), financing, egg handling and marketing challenges. Proffered solutions include better chain coordination, local sourcing of eggs, improved quality control, establishment of egg aggregation centres, and introduction of machine-based grading, grade-based pricing and reduction in local production costs. Others include formation of cooperatives and bulk input purchases, improved staff motivation and better quality control. Smallholders’ access to the egg market can be improved by producing brown-shelled eggs of large, extra-large and jumbo sizes.
Key Words: Grading, input, upgrading, size, colour and challenges
Abstract
The study evaluated the quality of eggs and constraints facing smallholder egg producers (≤10,000 layers) in Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Desk study, survey of 47 farmers, Focused Group Discussion with eight farmers and weighing of eggs were done at Obio-Akpor, Oyigbo and Etche Municipal Councils out of the eight in Greater Port Harcourt City. Farmers were administered pre-structured questionnaires. Open questions from a checklist were used for in-depth interviews with 22 stakeholders. Thirty eggs per grade were weighed using a digital scale. Numerical data were evaluated using the SPSS statistical package, while qualitative information was assessed using matrices and content analysis. Results indicate that most farmers (56%) sort and grade their eggs for better prices but time constraint discourages others from doing so. The size was the only egg grading criterion used. A five-grade system (jumbo, extra-large, large, small, and bullet) was used. The most important quality parameters were size (41%), shell colour (29%), cleanliness (28%) and weight (2%). Customers prefer brown-shelled (82%) eggs to white (15%). Significant constraints faced by farmers were input-based (high cost and low quality feed, drug breeds, veterinary services, lack of loans); management (staff misbehaviour) and infrastructure (bad roads and poor electricity supply) related. Other stakeholders face quality challenges (small size, dirty eggs, rotting of eggs, no uniformity, low or no grading, high returns rate), financing, egg handling and marketing challenges. Proffered solutions include better chain coordination, local sourcing of eggs, improved quality control, establishment of egg aggregation centres, and introduction of machine-based grading, grade-based pricing and reduction in local production costs. Others include formation of cooperatives and bulk input purchases, improved staff motivation and better quality control. Smallholders’ access to the egg market can be improved by producing brown-shelled eggs of large, extra-large and jumbo sizes.
Key Words: Grading, input, upgrading, size, colour and challenges
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE?
MLA
Ingweye et al. “Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), (2021): 2217-2224.
APA
Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide (2021). Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), 2217-2224.
Chicago
Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide “Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), (2021): 2217-2224.
Harvard
Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide 2021. Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), pp. 2217-2224.
Vancouver
Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide. Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 2021 February 27(01): 2217-2224
MLA
Ingweye et al. “Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), (2021): 2217-2224.
APA
Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide (2021). Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), 2217-2224.
Chicago
Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide “Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), (2021): 2217-2224.
Harvard
Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide 2021. Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), pp. 2217-2224.
Vancouver
Ingweye, J. Naligwu, Kalio, G. Adokiye and Ologbose, F. Imokhaide. Egg quality and production constraints in smallholder egg value chain of Greater Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 2021 February 27(01): 2217-2224
Article Type: Research Article | No. 272, 2021 | Country: Nigeria | pp. 2225-2233 | Open Access
Title: Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes
Authors: Agba, M. O., Markson, A. A., Oni, J. O. and Bassey, G. A.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.270121.272
Title: Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes
Authors: Agba, M. O., Markson, A. A., Oni, J. O. and Bassey, G. A.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18801/jbar.270121.272
Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus, an edible mushroom is an essential food product. Recognised as one of the cheapest sources of proteins, their high nutritional and anti-nutritional properties are of immense importance to humans. The present study evaluated the effect of sawdust and dried plantain leaves on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. Sawdust and dried plantain leaves were composted into seven substrates; as single substrates and at different combinations. The composted substrates include sawdust 100 % (M0), Dry plantain leaves 100% (M1), Dry plantain leaves + sawdust at the ratio of 1:4 (M2), 2:3 (M3), 3:2 (M4), 1:1 (M5) and 4:1(M6). Growth parameters of interest assessed flush include mycelia running rate (MRR), area of pileus, length of the stipe, the girth of the stipe, fresh weight and dry weight, number of fruit body, total yield and biological efficiency. At the end of the three weeks spawn running period, M0 was overall best in supporting mycelia running rate with a mean MRR of 16.00 cm. M1 substrates produced mushroom with longer and bigger stipes (7.17 cm) at the first flush. A higher number of fruit bodies (82.66), total yield (130.35 g), and biological efficiency (43.45 g) were all seen in M0 substrates. Sawdust at 100 % (M0) proved to be the best substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus.
Key Words: Oyster mushroom, Sawdust, Plantain leaves, Biological efficiency and Substrates.
Abstract
Pleurotus ostreatus, an edible mushroom is an essential food product. Recognised as one of the cheapest sources of proteins, their high nutritional and anti-nutritional properties are of immense importance to humans. The present study evaluated the effect of sawdust and dried plantain leaves on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus. Sawdust and dried plantain leaves were composted into seven substrates; as single substrates and at different combinations. The composted substrates include sawdust 100 % (M0), Dry plantain leaves 100% (M1), Dry plantain leaves + sawdust at the ratio of 1:4 (M2), 2:3 (M3), 3:2 (M4), 1:1 (M5) and 4:1(M6). Growth parameters of interest assessed flush include mycelia running rate (MRR), area of pileus, length of the stipe, the girth of the stipe, fresh weight and dry weight, number of fruit body, total yield and biological efficiency. At the end of the three weeks spawn running period, M0 was overall best in supporting mycelia running rate with a mean MRR of 16.00 cm. M1 substrates produced mushroom with longer and bigger stipes (7.17 cm) at the first flush. A higher number of fruit bodies (82.66), total yield (130.35 g), and biological efficiency (43.45 g) were all seen in M0 substrates. Sawdust at 100 % (M0) proved to be the best substrate for the cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus.
Key Words: Oyster mushroom, Sawdust, Plantain leaves, Biological efficiency and Substrates.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE?
MLA
Agba, M. O. et al “Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), (2021): 2225-2233.
APA
Agba, M. O., Markson, A. A., Oni, J. O. and Bassey, G. A. (2021). Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), 2225-2233.
Chicago
Agba, M. O., Markson, A. A., Oni, J. O. and Bassey, G. A. “Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), (2021): 2225-2233.
Harvard
Agba, M. O., Markson, A. A., Oni, J. O. and Bassey, G. A. 2021. Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), pp. 2225-2233.
Vancouver
Agba, MO, Markson, AA, Oni, JO and Bassey, GA. Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 2021 April 27(01): 2225-2233.
MLA
Agba, M. O. et al “Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), (2021): 2225-2233.
APA
Agba, M. O., Markson, A. A., Oni, J. O. and Bassey, G. A. (2021). Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), 2225-2233.
Chicago
Agba, M. O., Markson, A. A., Oni, J. O. and Bassey, G. A. “Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes”. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), (2021): 2225-2233.
Harvard
Agba, M. O., Markson, A. A., Oni, J. O. and Bassey, G. A. 2021. Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 27(01), pp. 2225-2233.
Vancouver
Agba, MO, Markson, AA, Oni, JO and Bassey, GA. Growth and yield impact of oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq P. Kumm) cultivated on different agricultural wastes. Journal of Bioscience and Agriculture Research, 2021 April 27(01): 2225-2233.
Volume 27 - Issue 02 | Year of Publication: 2021
